Gaming laptops are a great blend of portability and power, but you can usually only get one or the other at a time. Plug your laptop in and you can have top-notch graphics, but as soon as you unplug, all those polygons will drain your battery faster than you can say "Play of the game." Fortunately, there are some ways to mitigate this downside.
The good news is that gaming laptop manufacturers have invested a good deal of effort into tools that will try to balance GPU performance with battery savings. Your laptop may have even come out of the box configured with some of my suggestions, but this varies widely by manufacturer, so be sure to check yours anyway.
It's also important to note that battery life savings will vary widely by what type of game you play. A laptop that can last all day playing Stardew Valley will obviously die much faster while cranking through frames in games like Overwatch 2 or Marvel Rivals. Which is to say, based on what game your playing, your mileage will vary a lot. Experimentation is your friend here.
Set battery-specific default options
Windows can set different power settings when you disconnect your laptop from a power source, and this is where your tweaking should start. Here are just a few things you can adjust to start with:
Switch your power mode: In the Windows Settings app, head to System > Power & battery and under "Power" you can choose from a few basic power modes. Most laptops default to Balanced, but you can switch to "Best power efficiency." In this mode, Windows will make small changes like turning off the screen sooner or limiting the CPU clock speed to save more power.
Put your display to sleep faster. Your laptop's screen is one of the biggest battery drains, and every minute it's on while you're not using it is power wasted. If the default is set to around five minutes or longer, you can save a decent chunk of battery by switching this to one minute.
Check your manufacturer's software: Companies like Razer, MSI, and Asus have their own software preloaded on gaming laptops that provide more settings you can fiddle with. Some settings, like switching refresh rate (more on that below) when you're on battery power aren't available in base Windows, so be sure to check what's available.
The more settings you can set to automatically change while on battery, the less you have to fiddle with every time you try to play games on the go. And there are, unfortunately, still quite a few that won't change automatically.
Change your display's refresh rate
One of the other ways your display drains battery is with its refresh rate. While many games can get by with 60 or even 30 frames per second (FPS), some fast-paced and competitive games can utilize FPS in the multiple hundreds. If you're not playing a game where enemies are rapidly moving around the screen, you can save a ton of power by changing the refresh rate.
Importantly, "refresh rate" is distinct from a game's FPS. Most games have some kind of FPS settings that let you limit how many frames the game generates. This can save battery power because the GPU doesn't have to waste energy rendering frames you don't need. However, without changing your display's refresh rate, the screen itself will still update more times per second than you need.
Search for "Display Settings" in your Start menu and select "Advanced display" towards the bottom. On this screen, you can change the refresh rate for your screen. This is a setting you'll have to change manually every time, so it might be a good idea to see if your manufacturer has a tool to automatically change refresh rate while on battery, first.
Turn off the unnecessary lighting—including backlights
The primary features that distinguish a gaming laptop are RGB LEDs, a powerful GPU, and high-quality displays, in that order. And while your device will cease spiritually being a gaming laptop the moment you turn off all the colorful lights, it will at least save a bit of power.
RGB LEDs themselves aren't super power-intensive, but most manufacturers include software to choreograph lighting effects and even make your lights responsive to your games. Turning this all off won't magically give you several hours of gameplay, but the power savings aren't negligible.
You can also save a little extra power by turning off your keyboard backlight, and more by dimming your display brightness. The latter will depend heavily on what type of display you have. LCD displays have a backlight that shines through color pixels, while OLED-based displays light each pixel individually. In both cases, dimming your display will save a bit of power, but how much will depend on your display.
Adjust your game's graphics settings
You spent three months' rent on a gaming laptop with an RTX 4090 inside, and I'm about to suggest you play on Medium settings? Who do I think I am? Well, all that power doesn't mean much if your laptop dies 20 minutes after you start. So, if you're not connected to a power source, maybe turn the ray-tracing off.
If your games have graphics presets, try starting with the lowest settings and work your way up. Most games that have really power-hungry features like ray-tracing will automatically turn these off at lower presets, so you can get a baseline of how long your battery lasts, then slowly bump the graphics up as needed.
Disable all the preloaded junk
You bought this laptop for gaming, but it's still a Windows machine. Which means it probably came preloaded with some stuff Microsoft—or the manufacturer—wants included that has nothing to do with gaming. Microsoft Teams, an application that I even found running in the background on the ROG Ally, is one example.
Hit Ctrl+Shift+Escape to pull up your task manager on your laptop and take a look at what processes are running in the background. While some might be ambiguous tools your games need (you shouldn't mess with those) you probably don't need Teams or OneDrive running in the background constantly.
You can also take a look at any utilities running in the system tray to find bloatware apps you don't need. Typically, gaming laptops mostly come with bundled software that is relevant to gaming, but if there's extra junk, disable it.
